Response of Yield and Water use efficiency to different Irrigation Levels under Furrow systems of Soybean

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc., Ethiopian Institution of Agricultural research, Pawe Agricultural Research Center, Pawe, Ethiopia

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering; Irrigation and Hydraulics research unit leader in Blue Nile Water Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

3 PhD., Student in African Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Introduction: Water management practice that is, deficit irrigation (DI) has a greater contribution to water-saving and increase crop water use efficiency (CWUE). DI is an approach where crops are exposed to a certain level of water stress either during a specific crop growth stage or in the course of the entire developing season. Furrow irrigation system requires a lower initial investment than other water application systems. However, it is usually associated with considerable runoff and excessive filtration at the upper portion of the furrow while it also causes insufficient application at the lower fields. The DI level to improve water productivity range is between 60 to 100% of full crop evapotranspiration (ETc) needs in previous works. Enhancing water use efficiency of irrigated crops through field irrigation management is vital in water-scarce areas. The DI and furrow irrigation systems are alternatives to enhance CWUE in such areas.
Materials and Methods: This experiment has been executed in Jawi district of Amhara location. Jawi district is found at 602 km North West of Addis Ababa with a geographical location of 36o 29’17.58’’ longitude and 11o 33’22.68’’ latitude. It is characterized with hot to humid climate of low land area with high unimodal rain fall (1250 mm) from May to October. Jawi district is located in the lowland part of Awi zone and its altitude ranges from 700 to 1500 m.a.s.l with mean yearly temperature of 16oC to 32oC. The climate of Jawi is Kola according to Ethiopian agro ecological climate classification and is equivalent to hot humid climate. The average annual potential evapotranspiration of Jawi is 5.52 mm day-1. A field experiment was worked out in Jawi district of Amhara region of Ethiopia with the objective of investigating the performance of various furrow irrigation techniques and DI levels to enhance the grain yield and CWUE of soybean. Split-plot design with RCBD arrangement in 3 replications was used and contains 3 furrow irrigation methods (Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI), Alternative Furrow Irrigation (AFI), and Fixed Furrow Irrigation (FFI)) as main plot and three DI levels (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) as sub-plot.
Results: The result showed that DI had a significant effect on soybean above ground biomass and a very high significant (P<0.001) effect on grain yield. The advanced grain yield of 1944 kg/ha was obtained from CFI at 100% of ETc and the minimal one was recorded in FFI at 50% ETc. The highest CWUE of 1.17 kg/m3 was obtained from AFI at 100% ETc. The highest yield reduction in this experiment was obtained at AFI at 100% of the crop water application which showed 7.46% yield reduction and also saved 47.9% irrigation water as compared to CFI. Using this saved water, 35% grain yield was obtained under an AFI compared to CFI.
Conclusions: It could be reported that enhanced water saving and CWUE might be achieved using 100% ETc at AFI system solving water shortage problem. It can be concluded that, in areas where water is scarce alternative furrow irrigation saves 50% irrigation water in comparison to conventional furrow irrigation method. Hence, additional land could be irrigated with the saved irrigation water in similar water scarce areas. This finding could make certain the possibility of irrigation improvement in the study area and other comparable agro-ecology like the study area.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Abate, S. (2004). Effects of irrigation frequency and plant population density on growth, yield components and yield of haricot bean in Dire Dawa area. M. sc thesis presented to Haramya University, Ethiopia.
Abdel-Maksoud, H., Othman, S.A. & El-Tawil, A. (2002). Improving water and N-use utilization for field crops via alternate furrow irrigation technique 1-Maize crop. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27: 8761-8769.
Admasu, R., Michael, A.W. & Hordofa, T. (2019). Effect of moisture stress on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water productivity. Intern J Environ Sci Nat Res, 16(4): 555945.
Ahmed, A.K., Tawfik, K. & Abd El-Gawad, Z. (2008). Tolerance of seven faba bean varieties to drought and salt stresses. Res J Agric Biol Sci, 4(2): 175-186.
Akele, Z. (2019). Evaluation of Alternate, Fixed and Conventional Furrow Irrigation Systems with Different Water Application Level on Onion Yield in Dubti, Afar, Ethiopia. Evaluation, 9(5). DOI: 10.7176/IEL.
Al-Suhaibani, N. (2009). Influence of early water deficit on seed yield and quality of faba bean under arid environment of Saudi Arabia. Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 5(5): 649-654.
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration-Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Fao, Rome, Italy, 300(9): D05109.
Awulachew, S.B., Yilma, A.D., Loulseged, M., Loiskandl, W., Ayana, M. & Alamirew, T. (2007). Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, Vol.123. IWMI.
Ayana, M. (2011). Deficit irrigation practices as alternative means of improving water use efficiencies in irrigated agriculture: Case study of maize crop at Arba Minch, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(2): 226-235.
Ayas, S. & Demirtaș, Ç. (2009). Deficit irrigation effects on onion (Allium cepa LET Grano 502) yield in unheated greenhouse condition. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7(3/4): 239-243.
Bank, W. (2014). World development report 2015: Mind, society, and behavior. The World Bank.
Bekele, S. & Tilahun, K. (2007). Regulated deficit irrigation scheduling of onion in a semiarid region of Ethiopia. Agricultural water management, 89(1-2): 148-152.
Bouyoucos, G.J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy journal, 54(5): 464-465.
Boyhan, G. E., Randle, W.M., Purvis, A.C., Lewis, P.M., Linton, D.O., Torrance, R.L. & Curry, D.E. (2001). Evaluation of growth stimulants on short-day onions. HortTechnology, 11(1): 38-42.
Brouwer, C., Prins, K. & Heibloem, M. (1989). Irrigation water management: irrigation scheduling. Training manual,  No.4. Natural Resources Management and Environment Dept, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
Chandrasekaran, B., Annadurai, K. & Somasundaram, E. (2010). A textbook of agronomy. New Age International Limited.
Comlekcioglu, N. & Simsek, M. (2011). Effects of deficit irrigation on yield and yield components of vegetable soybean [Glycine max L.(Merr.)] in semi-arid conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(33): 6227-6234.
CSA (2018). The 2015/16 Ethiopian household consumption-expenditure (HCE) survey. CSA Addis Ababa.
Doorenbos, J. & Kassam, A. (1979). Yield response to water. Irrigation and drainage paper, 33: 257.
Eck, H., Mathers, A. & Musick, J.(1987). Plant water stress at various growth stages and growth and yield of soybeans. Field Crops Research, 17(1): 1-16.
Enciso, J., Wiedenfeld, B., Jifon, J. & Nelson, S. (2009). Onion yield and quality response to two irrigation scheduling strategies. Scientia horticulturae, 120(3): 301-305.
FAOSTAT (2015.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT database.
Fereres, E. & Soriano, M.A. (2007). Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Journal of experimental botany, 58(2): 147-159.
Gayanilo, F.C., Sparre, P. & Pauly, D. (2005). FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II: User's guide. Food & Agriculture Org.
Gebreigziabher, E.T. (2020). Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize at Selekleka District, Ethiopia. Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council, 6: 127-135.
Huang, Y., Chen, L., Fu, B., Huang, Z. & Gong, J. (2005). The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects. Agricultural water management, 72(3): 209-222.
JDAOA (Jawi District Agriculture Office). 2018. Annual Agricultural activities performance report.
Karam, F., Masaad, R., Sfeir, T., Mounzer, O. & Rouphael, Y. (2005). Evapotranspiration and seed yield of field grown soybean under deficit irrigation conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 75(3): 226-244.
Kirda, C., Çetin, M., Dasgan, Y., Topçu, S., Kaman, H., Ekici, B., Derici, M.R. & Ozguven, A. (2004). Yield response of greenhouse grown tomato to partial root drying and conventional deficit irrigation. Agricultural water management,
69(3): 191-201.
Ko, J. & Piccinni, G. (2009). Corn yield responses under crop evapotranspiration-based irrigation management. Agricultural Water Management, 96(5): 799-808.
Kumar, S., Imtiyaz, M. & Kumar, A. (2007). Effect of differential soil moisture and nutrient regimes on postharvest attributes of onion (Allium cepa L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 112(2): 121-129.
Madhyastha, N.M., Ravi, S. & Praveena, A. (2020). A First Course in Linear Models and Design of Experiments. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8659-0
Mansouri-Far, C., Sanavy, S.A.M.M. & Saberali, S.F. (2010). Maize yield response to deficit irrigation during low-sensitive growth stages and nitrogen rate under semi-arid climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97(1): 12-22.
Mebrahtu, Y., Woldemichael, A. & Habtu, S. (2018). Response of onion (Allium cepa l.) to deficit irrigation under different furrow irrigation water management techniques in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia. African Journal of Plant Science, 12(5): 105-113.
Meskelu, E., Tesfaye, H., Debebe, A. & Mohammed, M. (2018). Integrated Effect of Mulching and Furrow Methods on Maize Yield and Water Productivity at Koka, Ethiopia. Irrigat Drainage Sys Eng, 7(207): 2.
Narayanan, K. & Seid, M.M. (2015). Effect of deficit irrigation on maize under conventional, fixed and alternate furrow irrigation systems at Melkassa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 4: 119-126.
Payero, J.O., Melvin, S.R., Irmak, S. & Tarkalson, D. (2006). Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate. Agricultural water management, 84(1-2): 101-112.
Pereira, L.S. & et al. (2002). Irrigation management under water scarcity. Agricultural water management, 57(3): 175-206.
Ravikumar, P. (2013). Evaluation of nutrient index using organic carbon, available P and available K concentrations as a measure of soil fertility in Varahi River basin, India. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 3(4): 330.
Simsek, M., Comlekcioglu, N. & Ozturk, I. (2011). The effects of the regulated deficit irrigation on yield and some yield components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under semi-arid conditions. African Journal of biotechnology, 10(20): 4057-4064.
Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Fereres, E. & Raes, D. (2012). Crop yield response to water, Vol. 1028. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.
Topçu, S., Kirda, C., Dasgan, Y., Kaman, H., Çetin, M., Yazici, A. & Bacon, M. (2007), Yield response and N-fertiliser recovery of tomato grown under deficit irrigation. European Journal of Agronomy, 26(1): 64-70.
Tabatabaee Amiri, S.M., Ahmadpour, M.H., Doustmohhamadi, M.M. & Maleki, M. (2022). Evaluation of rapeseed and barley irrigation management. Water Productivity Journal, 2(1): 23-30.
Yazar, A., Gökçel, F. & Sezen, M. (2009). Corn yield response to partial rootzone drying and deficit irrigation strategies applied with drip system. Plant, Soil and Environment, 55(11): 494-503.
 
Water Productivity Journal
Volume 2, Issue 3
June 2022
Pages 83-108

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics